Intelligent and predictive vehicular networks

Seeking shortest travel times through smart algorithms may not only optimize the travel times but also reduce carbon emissions, such as CO2, CO and Hydro-Carbons. It can also result in reduced driver frustrations and can increase passenger expectations of consistent travel times, which in turn points to benefits in overall planning of day schedules. Fuel consumption savings are another benefit from the same. However, attempts to elect the shortest path as an assumption of quick travel times, often work counter to the very objective intended and come with the risk of creating a “Braess Paradox” which is about congestion resulting when several drivers attempt to elect the same shortest route. The situation that arises has been referred to as the price of anarchy! We propose algorithms that find multiple shortest paths between an origin and a destination. It must be appreciated that these will not yield the exact number of Kilometers travelled, but favourable weights in terms of travel times so that a reasonable allowable time difference between the multiple shortest paths is attained when the same Origin and Destinations are considered and favourable responsive routes are determined as variables of traffic levels and time of day. These routes are selected on the paradigm of route balancing, re-routing algorithms and traffic light intelligence all coming together to result in optimized consistent travel times whose benefits are evenly spread to all motorist, unlike the Entropy balanced k shortest paths (EBkSP) method which favours some motorists on the basis of urgency. This paper proposes a Fully Balanced Multiple- Candidate shortest path (FBMkP) by which we model in SUMO to overcome the computational overhead of assigning priority differently to each travelling vehicle using intelligence at intersections and other points on the vehicular network. The FBMkP opens up traffic by fully balancing the whole network so as to benefit every motorist. Whereas the EBkSP reserves some routes for cars on high priority, our algorithm distributes the benefits of smart routing to all vehicles on the network and serves the road side units such as induction loops and detectors from having to remember the urgency of each vehicle. Instead, detectors and induction loops simply have to poll the destination of the vehicle and not any urgency factor. The minimal data being processed significantly reduce computational times and the benefits all vehicles. The multiple-candidate shortest paths selected on the basis of current traffic status on each possible route increase the efficiency. Routes are fewer than vehicles so possessing weights of routes is smarter than processing individual vehicle weights. This is a multi-objective function project where improving one factor such as travel times improves many more cost, social and environmental factors

Evaluating the Effect of Cardiac Rehabilitation Care Plan on Quality of Life of Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Introduction: Cardiovascular surgeries are among the conventional surgeries aimed at increasing the survival rate and improving the quality of life of patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cardiac rehabilitation on quality of life of patients undergoing Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.Methods: This was a semi-experimental study performed on 160 patients undergoing CABG surgery. The rehabilitation program was carried out for 13 weeks (three sessions per week) in 40 sessions, six weeks after the CABG surgery. The MacNew standard questionnaire and the general health questionnaire (S-f 36) were completed before the beginning of rehabilitation sessions as well as after completion of these sessions by patients.Results: According to the results, the quality of life of patients significantly increased in the physical and emotional areas after the rehabilitation program. The results also indicated that there was a significant difference between various levels of research in the physical functioning variables, dysfunction due to physical health, dysfunction due to emotional health, energy/fatigue of individuals, emotional well-being, social functioning, pain, and general health.Conclusions: The present results indicated the improved quality of life of patients in all the areas after cardiac rehabilitation intervention, compared to before that. Therefore, paying more attention to cardiac rehabilitation is necessary due to its positive effects on increasing the quality of life of patients

Developing quality of service management architecture for delivering multicast applications

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Developing quality of service management architecture for delivering multicast applications

Multicast applications have been a topic of intense research and development efforts over the past couple of years. Both the Internet Engineering (IETF) and International Telecommunication Union (ITU) have been heavily involved in providing quality of service to support multicast application requirements. Multicast applications have varying performance requirements; therefore it is necessary to design a framework that serves to guarantee quality of services. However the existing best effort services cannot provide the guaranteed service level required by multicast applications. Two solutions have already been proposed to overcome this problem. The first solution proposed the tree-based functionality approach in the multicast transport protocol providing reliability and scalability between a sender and a group of receivers. The other solution has proposed end-to-end quality of service (QoS) over the network environment using interoperation of Integrated services (IntServ) and Differentiated services (DiffServ) principles. Both QoS architectures, Integrated and Differentiated services, have their own advantages and disadvantages. With the interoperation of both architectures, it might be possible to build a scalable system, which would provide predictable services. This framework has to be supported by a multicast transport protocol to provide reliability and scalability over the nodes. The aim of this research is to develop a framework to provide reliably and scalability on nodes (tree-functionality) along with the end-to-end resources, dynamic admission control and scalability over the network (interoperation of IntServ and DiffServ) for multicast applications. The "Enhanced Communication Transport Protocol" (ECTP) transport protocol was chosen for this research. ECTP transport protocol is a multicast transport protocol with tree-based functionality to support multicast applications. ECTP transport protocol is also able to provide QoS management functionality established by Integrated or/and Differentiated services to support multicast application. With the QoS management functionality, ECTP transport protocol could provide reliability and scalability (over nodes) along with end-to-end resource, dynamic admission control and scalability over the network for multicast applications. This research is focused on the further enhancement and implementation of an ECTP transport protocol, QoS management specification. Two models have been proposed to enable ECTP transport protocol with QoS management functionality established by the IntServ or/and DiffServ principles. Model (I) enables ECTP transport protocol to negotiate end-to-end resource reservation using the standard RSVP (IntServ) signalling protocol. Model (II) enables the ECTP transport protocol to negotiate end-to-end resource reservation using the standard and aggregated RSVP (IntServ and DiffServ) signalling protocol. The "Optimized Network Engineering Tool 8.1" (OPNET) has been used in this research to implement and investigate the ECTP specifications. OPNET simulator provides a comprehensive development environment for modelling and performance of communications networks. The investigation consists of three case studies. The simulation results have proved that ECTP transport protocol with the tree-based functionality and the QoS management provided by IntServ and DiffServ interoperation produces the best performance for the traffic delay parameter over voice applications

Relation of Nursing Support From Parents With Meeting the Needs of Mothers of Children Hospitalized in Besat Hospital, Hamadan

Introduction: hospitalization of a child is one of the main causes of parent’s anxiety. Regarding the importance of providing family-based care, it is necessary for nurses to support and understand parents’ needs to provide them. This study aimed to determine the role of nursing support in providing the needs of hospitalized children mothers. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. 250 mothers of children hospitalized in pediatric ward of Hamadan Besat Hospital, were selected by available method in 2017. Data was collected using “nursing support from parents”, “needs of children parents” and demographic characteristics questionnaire. Data was analyzed by SPSS16 using descriptive and Pearson correlation analysis. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the score of all needs was 38.9 ± 10.6. The maximum score was related to mutual trust (9.0 ± 2.8) and the minimum was related to support guidance and counseling (5.1 ± 2.1). The overall support received by mothers from nurses was 68.3 ± 16.2. Most of support was related to self-confidence (14.4 ± 3.5) and the least was emotional support (8.2 ± 2.8). There was a significant positive correlation between nurses support from parents and the total score of mothers’ needs (r = 0.448, P=0.001). Conclusion: Considering the low mean and standard deviation of some nursing support areas from parents and meeting the needs of parents, it seems necessary to plan for the provision of family-based care by nurses and their support from parents to meet their needs to improve the quality of children care